What is the parlay: the short version
Weighing both sides of "What is the parlay?" leads to one event. Hedging and arbitrage both mean betting on more than one side of the same event. A hedge does it after a first bet is already placed, to lock in part of a win or cut a loss. Arbitrage does it at the start, across different books whose prices disagree, so that every outcome returns a little more than the total stake. What they share is the arithmetic of splitting stakes between results on opposite sides.